Romanticism: The Role of Nature Over Culture

ROMANTICISM: THE ROLE OF NATURE OVER CULTURE

The Love of nature—

Nothing in the world is single

All things by a law divine

In one Spirit meet and mingle

Why not I with Thine?

—P.B Shelley.

                                                [Extracted from Love’s Philosophy]

Chinkhanmuan Samte

Bangalore University

MA English

IV Semester

[This paper was presented at St. Claret College,
Jallahalli, Bangalore on the 20th March 2018]

1.      INTRODUCTION

The term ‘romantic’ was used in English for the first time in the 16^th century to indicate the unreal and fanciful dreams— a nostalgic elements of human being and the natural entity. It is between man and nature and culture; when passion takes over from reasons. It is beauty and sublime: outside and inside of nature with the endless emotions and imagination. Romance and love are not directly its main components but, it is a humble cultivating of rural life, picturesque of natural entity. It was rather a philosophical and intellectual movement and the development in arts and thinking, which basically is derived from nature. There was no self-styled “Romantic movement” at the time, it was, but a given name to those who conquer nature beyond imagination. It conveys the notions of sentiment and perhaps, a visionary and some claims it is idealistic lack of reality, but valuable and it is a cozy room. But, I would preferably say, “Romanticism is one of the best nest of many great souls in Literature”. 

It connotes fantasy and fiction. It has been associated with different times and with distant places. Solace and pacifism are its domains/attributes for spiritual rests away from the earthly bound transitions. Freedom of imagination is one of its central ideas. Also, it is a response to the intellectual movements known as Renaissance or Enlightenment, Industrialization and various political regimes— where science and progress started thereafter and the naturalness of life has been taken up by reasons. The simplicity of life become complex as sciences and reasons began.

Poetry— a romantic lullaby; works effectively well during the era and afterward; ever since, lured us to the dreamland which emancipates celestic assumptions, and probably, it have a cosmic significance viewed from the earthly bounty beauty of nature.

2.      NATURE & FREE THINKING

As M.K Gandhi rightly said “A man is but the product of his thoughts; what he thinks, he becomes”. We’ll discuss the value of free thinking (without material applied) upon nature; the core factor which led to the production of new genre in literature—. It is an inspiring one, a vivid adventure where nature lovers’ draws their attention herein. An imagist, Ezra Pound claim that “The natural object is always the adequate symbol.” Symbolic representation and abstract ideas are the core value of nature.  Here are four characteristic features joyfully or mournfully arching the romantic poets. They are:

a)      Liberty,

b)      Eternity,

c)      Nature, and

d)     Culture,

It is wonderfully amazing that all sorts of literary classification starts in Europe especially in Germany, France and England which may be arguably due to free thinking and free thinking was not just obtained from family or nature, but, from the political systems as well. So, culture, nature and thoughts are the essence to the existence of human civilizations. Love, care and tenderness can only be attained in free thinking where there is no oppression, pride and prejudice. Thus, the seeds of the inner beauty of lives emerge and germinates. For instance, the wave’s of romanticism vibes another philosophical movement in America known as Transcendentalism.

So, in order to exhibit nature, it requires free thinking, being entering into the nature where thoughts needs to be processed; where the eye sees the natural beauty and the minds sees the invisible; and came out with a satchel full of fantasy and dreams. The adventure of the mind begins. Therefore, the role of nature over culture was highly emphasized to express feelings in this romantic period by writing them down. As Wordsworth puts in— Poetry is:

The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings—recollected in tranquility. 

Most of the poetical works (Prose and Novels may includes gender, patriarchy and social hierarchy as well) are elegy (pastoral or grasslands) based on the touched of nature such as— the green hills and mountains with a beautiful scenic view, metaphors of plants, burbling fountains or flowing streams, valleys and meadows, cattle and livestock, and beautiful creations along with the cultural transition gives powerful feelings in which the imagination give rise to the production of this new system of writing. So, to the romantics, nature is everything, mild and gentle, it is truthful and trustworthy, despite the natural havoc and disastrous occurrence of tragedies and calamities.

In the era, poetry once again reached its zenith since Shakespeare despite the prevalence of prose and novels. There are six great poets known as the “Big Six”— Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, and Keats. Poetry and sonnets, undoubtedly, (with different rhyming schemes) were the tool used in romantic expressions. Imitations and imaginations are the two important elements in this period. The romanticists penned the emotional attachments of human feelings with the involvement of nature and culture.

3.      THE POWER OF IMIGINATION.

We are so close to the distance— if the minds will and so far if the minds don’t. A saying goes, “So far; so close; so near: so far.” The power of imagination is limitless, because it is so true to the mind— seeing the invisible. Romanticists are dreamers. Coleridge’s Kubla Khan and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner are an adventure to the unknown dreamland. He traveled quite a long distance; at the same time, he was famous for using opium. In the very last line of Kubla Khan, where the evidence of opium can be found. He wrote:

And close your eyes with holy dread.

For he on honey— dew hath fed.

And drunk the milk of Paradise

Tupac Shakur once said, “Realities are wrong; dreams are for real.” So is imagination. The question is what we believe— naturally or culturally, but believe makes it true, faith makes it worked. Also, the love for nature is against artificiality, though, in todays world, it illuminates the whole social structure.

It might be asked whether ‘distance’ is a known or unknown delight but in imagination or in emotion distance doesn’t really matter, especially in a poetic scene. The poets’ notes down his imagination and thus, poetry exist and lullaby swings. It is quite unclear about the distance of ones imagination— where it goes and where it stays, but the power is inevitably strong. There’s an Island in the Moon by William Blake show the working of deep imagination.

It brought closer to divinity— arguably, because nature didn’t lie. It is how much one deduce and induce from nature. It is how much one reflects oneself in which M.H Abrams wrote nature as the mirror and the Lamp. Deep imaginations are always divine and trustworthy like in Nature’s divinity. Now a days, graphic and modern amenities seems replaced the beauty of nature. Avatar and the Disney lands are everywhere in the tips of our finger.

Henry Thoreau, an American transcendentalist, in his book Walden, earnestly claim the centrality of the value of live; while he was supposedly imagined himself as an owner of  farmland. He wrote:

My imagination carried so far that;

I even had the refusal of several farms,—

 The refusal was all I wanted,—

But I never got my finger burnt

By actual possession.

The point here is, he is exercising the power of limitless imagination on a rural, rustic village life, where his mind is travelling across the corn field fallow lands with a wheelbarrow full of sweet corns. He is a nature lover, not of mechanization, but the strength reinvigorated by nature. As he said, “Celestial music and factory bells” to mean natural life and artificial life, while artificial and mechanization both helps and downgrade humanity, so, he vehemently stated that:

I do not want to live what was not life,

 Living is so dear;

Nor did I wish to practice resignation…

Nature as Expression:

Writers during this era use Nature as their expression, i.e. ideas were derived from nature and culture. The outcomes of imagination are the reality of human nature. One reacts on one situation from another situation differently from place to place and time to time. Thus, imagination is a psychological process that enriched the reasoning ability. It enables us to think logically, which then frames, produce and creates ideas. In all kinds of inventions, idea, by applying Derrida’s structurality; the free play plays a crucial role. Therefore, imagination is a tool for Literary Invention.

Thinking underlies the basics human rights, which we, todays, constitutionally claimed amongst freedoms is so crucial, i.e. freedom of expression. It is highly valued, an instinctual needs and crucial because it makes human being a being. Therefore, it is the essence in our existence. Human nature derived from nature are seen in the works of all Romanticist writers who embrace nature and civilizations of the world. Shelley’s exquisite “Lament,” beginning “O world, O life, O time,” with Wordsworth’s “Intimations of Immortality.”   Both poems recall many happy memories of youth; both express a very real mood of a moment; but while the beauty of one merely saddens and disheartens us, the beauty of the other inspires us with something of the poet’s own faith and hopefulness. It is said:

*Wordsworth found himself and Shelley Lost himself in Nature.

Nature plays a center figure over human nature and culture: as culture is shaped by nature upon imagination with the lapse of time. Thus, nature gives a vivid expression of the inner truth and it emancipates the soul of individuals from the bondage of social customs by imitating nature. Cultures are socially constructed upon nature and expressions are made in the form of arts, music, poetry, drama, literature and philosophy.

Language is of course a tool, but not an expression. An expression may be by choice or by default that one distinguish himself to. Many Romantic writers romanticized nature and nature, therefore becomes an expression.

4.      RENAISSANCE—  TRANSCENDENTALISM  AND ROMANTICISM

All movement starts in Europe— in France, Italy, Germany and England. Puritanism, Catholicism and the Protestant ethics were the outcomes— in religious or cultural, political system such as capitalism or socialism. Cultural entity— perhaps, due to, as mentioned earlier the emergence and adoption of free thinking.

Transcendentalism and Renaissance can not be missed out in study of romanticism, since the ideology and its root or beginning of these philosophical movements, even though the time and space were not the same, but during the 17^th to the 19^th century. Great artistic works such as painting, sculpture, drawing and even music can be traced from these period. Pablo Picasso, Emmanuel Kant.  Benjamin Disraeli, Hegel and Beethoven were the remarkable artists who architect or lays the foundation of arts.

Transcendentalism, on the other hand, is a product of Puritan movement in England, who were highly literate people, but very orthodox in their religious believes. It is a movement trying to unwrap from social practice. The movement objects socially sanctioned norms and rules. The word ‘Transcendentalism’ literary means moving ahead. ‘Trans’ means “across or through, and ‘scend’ or means “ascend or elevate”. The genres that they writes were mainly non-fiction and poetry of “New Age” thinking. For instance, Emerson and Thoreau promote self or Self Reliance.

Renaissance, the Age of Discovery, took place in Europe (Italy) in the time span covering 14^th to 17^th century. Both the spirit of transcendentalism and romanticism are derived from Renaissance. Renaissance— on the progress of science and Romanticism— propagate and cultivate nature and Transcendentalism— the important of one self.  Emerson, in his essay “Self Reliance”  says, “Do not seek for things outside of Yourself. “

Nature is the beginning of all philosophical ideals. The reality behind both romanticism and transcendentalism are the same in spirit and by nature. It can probably, be put it as the searching for the divinity of nature and the glorification of nature and its pasts. While Renaissance is the rebirth of new ideas, approaches, sciences and concepts. It was characterized by the taste of nature upon imagination and emotions. Therefore, imagination and imitation without limitation are the immediate response to romanticism, transcendentalism and renaissance.

Transcendentalism is the power of knowledge to transcend or emanates intellectual growth and spirituality, divinity, and individualism. Romanticism deduces strong emotions and focuses on patriotism, loyalty, and allegiance. The abstract entity makes them once again very close to metaphysical genre.

Some Important Romantics Writers and their Works:

Table 1: Important writers of Romanticism. The first six were also known as the Big Six.

There are lines that makes poetry alive even after years and years. The above are some great works of the romantic period. Some of the writer may be specifically categorized into Transcendentalists or Romanticists who are the same in spirit despite the difference in the time periods, places and writers.

5.      HISTORY

The Romantic era (1798-1837) which took place in the 19^th century was the fourth stage of English literature, after— namely the Chaucer age, the Jacobean age and Augustan age. Romanticism is the age where men search for knowledge intellectually as a result of Renaissance or Enlightenment. It was proceeded firstly not by mass social movement, but the inception was templeted by philosophers, thinkers and naturalist who clearly sees the ill effect of industrialization. The men behind the movement are: J.J Rousseau, John Locke and Isaac Newton— followed by the great poets or the “Big Six”. Some of the Big Six even changed their profession. Thus the era had begun to aim mass social changes in political systems and progress in sciences in Europe, especially in France, Italy, Germany and Britain. It was also the time Great Britain extends it empire around the globe and spreading its wings across lands and oceans.

Cultural transition has taken placed long before the flourishing of industrialization for rights and liberty. It was the time there was internal crisis and external cohesion, with colonization and mechanization, elitism which is politically a reign of terror and economically a disorganize society. Huaman rights and liberty has been void. Therefore, political upheaval and bloodshed are very much there in it with the storm of the Bastille. The French revolution broke out; July 14, 1789 marked the beginning of the dawn of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, the beginning of the present modern age. As J.J Rousseau said: His fervent champion on the rights of individual; which invoke revolutionary spirit, though,

“Man is born free

And lives forever in Chain”

Green vales, bird sanctuary, farmlands has once been a battle ground and blood has been spilled on it, though, it now has turned it into an urban seamless space. Therefore, there was a revolutionary energy at the core of Romanticism. Louis the XVI, the king of France has been assassinated due to political cause at the time only when nobility and and clergy had liberty, where the other has no right but duties. So, the spirit of romanticism is the emancipation from these cultural and political phases in which the romantics try to reel into the naturalness of living.

Here are the major events/wars/cohesion which led to societal changes taking place in various parts of Europe and America, They are as follows:

a)      American Revolution— 1775 – 83 /1776

b)      The French Revolution or Reign of Terror— 1789 – 99/ 1789

c)      The Napoleonic war—1796 -1815

d)     The Industrial Revolution —1760 -1840

e)      The Enlightenment — 14^th to 17^th Century

f)       Battle of Waterloo or An Unhappy Peace —1819

6.      INDIVIDUAL MANIFESTATIONS

Many of the writings are filled with Supernatural wonders, mystery, Personification and myth beauty of the universe. Sees the presence of Unseen power in nature. The unseen transcendental world is more real than the world of the sense Literary works are usually a development of self and poetry, basically are of meditation— made up of lyrical components which have musical flow like Edgar Allen Poe’s The Raven (1845) Apart from the musical or lyrical combination, we can see the realization of self indulgence in meditation. Walt Whitman’s Song of my Self (Leave of Grass), express his outlook towards his own life. It reads:

I celebrate myself, and sing myself,

And what I assume you shall assume.

For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.

In Coleridge’s Rime of Ancient Mariner (1834). He talked about a guest, visitor in his dream adventure. The Noble Savage according to Rousseau is corrupted “by civilization or wild human being” to protect nature against human actions. The intellectual intuition is on imagination and dreamland, but it is a real extracted from nature.  From the opening statement of Rousseau’s Confessions, first published in 1781— it reads:

I am not made like anyone I have seen;

I dare believe that I am not made like

Anyone in existence. If

I am not superior, at least I am different—

Childhood Memories:

It may be obvious to say that every romanticist has a vivid childhood memories. It is a common theme to the British Romantic poets to draw childhood and innocence in their works. Childhood memoirs are very intrinsic which lured throughout the live of the poets. A country boy is a slumber Jack beneath the pine and oak trees amidst the grassland deciduous and coniferous forest— grazing flocks of sheep, cattle and other livestocks. This somnolence and vibrant myth, legend, fairy tales, fables, poetry warmth the heart of the poets (slumber Jack) forever. Many grown ups won’t forget the sweet memories of childhood as it is bound to one innate instincts. Nursery rhyme such as Little Boy Blue, Little Boo Peep are some examples. So, is the case of the romantic poets.

William Blake’s “Songs of Innocence and Experience“, Wordsworth’s “Intimations of Immortality” are all about childhood sweet days, Thomas Hood (1799–1845) nostalgically cry over his bygone boyhood:

“I remember, I remember,

The house where I was born,

The little window where the sun

Came peeping in at morn…”   

7.      THE INVENTION OF NATURE:

Romanticism, in this modern day can be termed as a journey to the Disney land, which is believe to have cosmic rays illuminated by lights of different types, and the entering into the world of dreams. As in the Kubla Khan, we can find a portrayal of dream picture, where the poem depicts deep imagination of the unknown geography only but through imagination. The taste of natural beauty is so deep, and the poets are thrilled and taken away by this enthusiastic zeal.

Therefore, the Romantic Movement can be correctly interpreted as the revolt of imagination against reason, intellect and prosaic realism. They are fighting but they didn’t harm. It is an unusual comparing with the other ages in English literature but in reality, it was so real, that they left many footprints. It can also be called shadow show. An adventure to the wonder/fairy land.

They are bound to endless time and space. The romantic school of thoughts propound their ideas on the very basic entity of nature. The geographical conditions and natural phenomena admits the values of romantic spirit. Here are some examples: Oceans and Seas, Vales and landscapes— plateau, high skies and heavens. The morning dew upon the green grass, the rusting silky looks of the setting sun, and the moon beam sweep over the ridges of mountains, the eventide with sun’s ray peeping through the window, the breezing air, the rains and the tapping raindrops, the floating leaves on the rivers and streams; the seasonal changes and the moving clouds— like springs and autumn, grazing cattle and livestock in the meadow.

The green vales, the high and low flora and fauna, the chirping of birds in the air, lands and on the trees— the Albatross, the Dodos, the buffaloes, the vast seas and the distant lands, flock of sheeps on the pasture lands, grasslands besides a fountain stream. Harrow and Fallow lands the humming birds and bubbling streams which moved the heart of men.

 Garden and orchards with difference fragrance, singing birds like Field Sparrow and Wood Thrush feeding on the juices of flowers, the old dry twigs and barks. They are dreaming but they are very awake. They have an artistic sense. They are pensive and the reminiscence make them unique.

Romanticism took place in encircling all civilization on earth as far as thought can reach. There is no limitation on imitating the nature as a result of huge imagination. This gave a form a new language probably called the Romantic Language or Poetic language— in which it is not easy for all to use and speak the language the spoke. It is not a plain language, but it is rather a twist with abstract entirety. The Greeks and the Romans not only sings their glorious empire, but the romantics also sings well upon nature. They escape from the past— disease and social repression but they brought nature into force.

8.      ROMANTIC SPIRIT

The outcome of Romanticism differs from one writer to another writer. Some writer keenly imitate nature where as some writers were taken in to the dreamland, a wonderful place, where no one has ever been. But, with the limitlessness of imagination, they traveled to different civilization, places and entity. Keats, Wordsworth, Shelley and Coleridge, an opiated writer— is very close to Metaphysical Poet wrote more about abstracts ideas.

Thoreau and Emerson, on the other hand propound the ideas of Self Reliance on transcendentalism principles. Over all, they all have close connection with nature regardless of time, tastes, place and personality. Imagination give rise to ideas and concepts, which allows men to float in the air without earthly intervention.

Table 2: Sates and Outcomes of Romanticism

9.      POST ROMANTICISM

Since societal process is a non stop phenomenon, ages past— but culture goes on. As a saying goes “Life is short but Art is Long”. Culture always include a societal systems in which romantics deviate themselves from it but inclined to nature. It therefore, influence liberalism, radicalism, conservatism and nationalism on the other hand. From Milton, Shakespeare. Jacobean, Romanticism, Victorian or Elizabethan, the age goes on and pass on with time. There was a paradigm shift or transition from age to age. Colonialism, Structuralism, Psycho-Analysis, Modernism, Post Modernism and Popular Culture which vast and widely occupied the modern world

As romantics are bound to nature over culture, here are schools of thoughts coming as a result or reaction, inspiration and continuation of Romanticism. They are sway by the romantic spirit with it charismatic entity, flavour and taste:

Table 3: School of Thoughts

Pre and Post:

The age of Romanticism is also the age of Enlightenment, because enlightenment alligned human culture, European politics, philosophy, science and communications were radically reoriented during the course of the “long 18^th century (1685-1815) as part of the movement referred to by its participants as the Age of Reason, or simply the Enlightenment. Here are some great men who contributed to science and progress.

a) Albert Einstein, Germany, (1879–1955)

b) Sigmund Freud, [born Sigismund Schlomo Freud] Austria, (1856–1939)

c) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Germany, (1742- 1827)

10.  ARTS & MUSIC:

Romanticism was the time period the world produced some of the greatest literary writers and master pieces. Romantic art is characterized by the desire of natural freedom, a preoccupation with the heroic ideal, an embrace of emotion over reason and of the senses over intellect and obsessive interest in folk culture and ethnic origin. Beethoven, Rousseau, Hugo, Constable, Chopin, Verdi etc are remarkable artists in various fields.

Arts
Gothicism is the central ideal of art in the era. Painting and drawing are common as well which shows horrific and Gothic images, where faces express feelings such as intense pain, anguish, anger or fear, e.g. Saturn Devouring his Son by Francisco de Goya. Saturn Devouring his Son by Francisco de Goya and Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix. Romantics allied themselves with the very periods of literature that the neoclassicists had dismissed, the Middle Ages and the Baroque. Sir Joshua Reynold said, “Art has its boundaries, though imagination has none”.

Music

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) is one of the most significant and influential composers of the western art music tradition. He was a ground-breaker, in all senses. He oversaw the transition of music from the Classical style, full of poise and balance, to the Romantic style, characterised by emotion and impact, producing many symphonies, concertos, piano sonatas, violin sonatas, an opera, masses and several overtures. The sketch ‘Pastoral’ Symphony dates from 1808 which is his early work.

He wrote nine symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, one opera, five piano concertos, and many chamber works including some ground-breaking string quartets. He could be a difficult and unsociable man, who felt bitter and isolated by the deafness which developed in his 20s; he never married.

If we are going to compare and contrast Romanticism and the various genres of music, Country Music probably might well be suited. For instance. John Denver’s “Country Road, Take me Home” (1971) a country music, which talked about the instinctual nature of our natural world.

Life is older, older than the tress,

Younger than the mountains: blowing like a breeze.

Country roads, take me home to the place I belong.

All my memories gather round her, miner’s lady,

Stranger to blue water. Dark and dusty,

Painted on the sky, misty taste of moonshine.

11.  WOMEN WRITERS IN ROMANTIC ERA

Patriarchy is an universal solvent, where the dignity and freedom enjoyed by both men and women are culturally and socially not the same. Women writings are the challenge for equal portion of fame, with the labors of their classical male contemporaries. Patriarchy is the question in relate to women in participation in society. During the romantic period, there are about 4000 writers and out of which 900 are women. It can be seen as a societal practice; but, in Europe there are many writers emerging since the dawn of the 18^th century. Jane Austen, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Frances Brooke (1724-1789), Maria Edgeworth (1767-1849) and Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley are notable women writers.

12.  CRITIQUING ROMANTICISM:

There is a critical view about Romanticism in England which says it is a merely a literary revolution to keep alive the literary works. (Henry Holt & Co. 1901 p136) Blake wrote: “One Power alone makes a Poet— Imagination, the Divine Vision” by escaping in to the past, present and future from the sordid realities of the present, which is a deviance from the present. This viewed is triggered by visionary narratives having mature faith in nature and humanity. Chain and hierarchy are encrypted in the ideology such as humanity, beauty and sweet memories, where these subjects are objectified to representing human feelings or emotions.

“The natural world was a wild and perilous place without Convention, Society or God. The sublime is men lost in the immensity of nature.  The key to sublime is to lose yourself without horizon and no sense of confinement” says “Peter Ackroyd.” Everybody loves and wish to pursue what the world has offered us. But boundless and limitless persuasion give the term romantic—exotic. The movement of course enhanced many social and political reforms and the pattern of the world civilization changed and human rights— dignity, liberty and freedom of expression has been achieved, despite printing press has been seen as a tool of heresy and chaos at the time. It also marked the ability of human being feelings as J.J Rousseau say “to feel is to exist”. One can not, therefore be totally stick to one side by other valuing the other. Indeed, the true power of nature that exist by nature has been eliminated by natural force itself and cultural force. It is also the completeness of human wishes while many critic claimed romanticism is a dark movement. Due to its very high philosophical question, natural identity and cultural identity combined raise more doubts. It can also obviously be said as agony and anxiety. Men himself contains all the secrets and sublimes.

Emphasis on the workings of the unconscious mind, on dreams and reveries, on the supernatural, and on the childlike or primitive view of the world. Nature overpower the small individual through hills and vales, lands and seas while critics claim them as exotic. It can be vehemently and ridiculously radicalized the movement in one hand, and can be appreciated the literary work on the other hand.

            Wordsworth advised a young poet, “You feel strongly; trust to those feelings, and your poem will take its shape and proportions as a tree does from the vital principle that actuates it.”

13.  CONCLUSION

Beauty always exceed language and it is beyond human expression, where even Shakespeare donot have proper definition. In Sonnet 130, he make a weird comparison of beauty— eyes as sun, lips as coral, hair as wire, face as roses; but King Solomon has rightly said in the Songs of Solomon— in which there is a sense of natural entity of beauty:

As the Lily amongst thorns,

My beloved is mine and I am his.

Due to the immense application of thoughts, Oscar Wilde rightly said “Nothing succeeds like excess.” Though, it may seemed excess in the extraction of the beauty of nature, which can only be felt— an abstact senses. Romanticists, arguably explored the femininity of nature through the concept of the beauty of nature. There is a question whether it ideals are feministic notion, despite beauty is seen as feminine. It is also journey of the soul and the emergence and standardization of English. Therefore, in the British Literature, though Romantic principles were fantasy filled with political ideology, they contribute much for the growth and production of writings and much have been achieved 

It is aestheticism— nature’s beauty and truth, and to find the reality of live and make the world a better place to live and life worth to live. Everything is beautiful; beauty is just a pronoun.

Roses are red.

Violets are blue—

Beauty is truth.

Beauty is truth, truth beauty, — that is all.

Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.  — Keats.

(————————————***———————————)